РОЛЬ КИШЕЧНОЙ МИКРОБИОТЫ В РАЗВИТИИ ОЖИРЕНИЯ
Авторы
- В. А. Воловникова Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет
- А. Д. Котрова Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет
- К. А. Иванова Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет
- Е. И. Ермоленко Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Институт экспериментальной медицины
- А. Н. Шишкин Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет
Ключевые слова:
ожирение, кишечная микробиота, пребиотики, пробиотики, бариатрическая хирургия, трансплантация фекальной микробиотыАннотация
Ожирение является глобальной эпидемией современности и имеет серьезные последствия для здоровья, так как является важнейшим фактором риска развития таких хронических заболеваний, как артериальная гипертензия, сахарный диабет 2 типа, дислипидемии, атеросклероз и его осложнения. Изучение факторов риска, патогенетических механизмов, а также поиск новых методов лечения и профилактики данной патологии является актуальной задачей современной медицины. На сегодняшний день известно, что определенную роль в развитии ожирения и ряда метаболических расстройств играют состав и функция микробиоты кишечника. Одним из направлений профилактики раннего возникновения и развития ассоциированных с ожирением заболеваний может быть поддержание нормального состава и коррекция нарушений экосистемы кишечника. В данном обзоре рассмотрены известные на сегодняшний день взаимосвязи изменений состава кишечной микробиоты и ожирения, проанализированы исследования, проведенные с целью оценки состава микробинома кишечника взрослого человека при ожирении. Представлены имеющиеся на сегодняшний день данные по коррекции избыточной массы и ожирения путем воздействия на состав кишечной микробиоты.
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